To achieve an optimal matching between the turbocharger and internal combustion engine over a wide range of the engine operation map, their complex interaction is commonly analyzed by means of transient one-dimensional modeling. The pulsating flow of the engine exhaust gases causes high variations of turbine inlet mass flow, total pressure, and total temperature. This pushes the turbocharger turbine operation towards extreme off-design conditions. Hence, wide turbine operation maps are required as input for the […]